Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Enhancing Production of Pinene in Escherichia coli by Using a Combination of Tolerance, Evolution, and Modular Co-culture Engineering

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01623

Figure Lengend Snippet: Strains and plasmids used in this study.

Article Snippet: pBbA5K-EPL14 , Addgene plasmid #45405, pBbA5K containing P. putida KT2440 mexF , Dunlop et al., .

Techniques: Control, Mutagenesis, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing

Journal: Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems

Article Title: Soy isoflavone metabolism in cats compared with other species: Urinary metabolite concentrations and glucuronidation by liver microsomes

doi: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1086038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Soy isoflavone and metabolite concentrations (normalized to creatinine content) in pooled urine samples collected from dogs (n= 10) and cats (n= 18) fed a soy-based diet. Samples were also assayed for dehydroequol, O-desmethylangolensin, and 6-hydroxy-O-desmethylangolensin but these metabolites were not detected. Results are presented as the mean and standard deviation (SD) of quadruplicate measurements of pooled dog (n=10) and cat (n=18) urine samples.

Article Snippet: For the analysis of soy isoflavones and metabolites in urine, genistein (G6649), daidzein (D7802), glycitein (G2785), equol (45405), Helix pomatia β-glucuronidase/sulfatase mixed enzyme (G-0762) and bovine liver β-glucuronidase (G0501) were from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO.

Techniques: Standard Deviation, Concentration Assay

Journal: Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems

Article Title: Soy isoflavone metabolism in cats compared with other species: Urinary metabolite concentrations and glucuronidation by liver microsomes

doi: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1086038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemical structures of genistein, dihydrogenistein, daidzein, dihydrodaidzein, glycitein, and equol. Also shown for reference are the positions of hydroxyl groups (7-hydroxyl and 4’-hydroxyl) that may be glucuronidated.

Article Snippet: For the analysis of soy isoflavones and metabolites in urine, genistein (G6649), daidzein (D7802), glycitein (G2785), equol (45405), Helix pomatia β-glucuronidase/sulfatase mixed enzyme (G-0762) and bovine liver β-glucuronidase (G0501) were from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO.

Techniques:

Journal: Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems

Article Title: Soy isoflavone metabolism in cats compared with other species: Urinary metabolite concentrations and glucuronidation by liver microsomes

doi: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1086038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the rates of glucuronidation of genistein (A: 7-OH-glucuronidation, B: 4’-OH-glucuronidation), daidzein (C: 7-OH-glucuronidation, D: 4’-OH-glucuronidation), equol (E: 7-OH-glucuronidation), and estradiol (F: 3-OH-glucuronidation) by liver microsomes prepared from 13 different species. Species are ranked from lowest (left) to highest (right) for each glucuronidation activity. Glucuronidation of the endogenous substrate, estradiol, was included as a positive control. In all species, 7-OH-glucuronidation of genistein and daidzein predominated over 4’-OH-glucuronidation, while equol 4’-OH-glucuronidation was not detected. Cat liver microsomes (indicated by solid arrow) consistently ranked in the lowest 3 species for 7-OH-glucuronidation of all the isoflavones, while they were the middle ranked species in estradiol glucuronidation. Other species that also consistently ranked low in isoflavone 7-OH-glucuronidation included ferret and mongoose (indicated by dashed arrows). Each bar represents the mean and error bars are the standard deviation of triplicate measurements of pooled liver microsomal samples. The numbers of individual animals contributing to each microsomal pool are indicated on the x-axis of each plot.

Article Snippet: For the analysis of soy isoflavones and metabolites in urine, genistein (G6649), daidzein (D7802), glycitein (G2785), equol (45405), Helix pomatia β-glucuronidase/sulfatase mixed enzyme (G-0762) and bovine liver β-glucuronidase (G0501) were from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Positive Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems

Article Title: Soy isoflavone metabolism in cats compared with other species: Urinary metabolite concentrations and glucuronidation by liver microsomes

doi: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1086038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spearman correlation (Rs) coefficients and p-values for comparisons between rates of 7-OH-glucuronidation of daidzein, genistein, and equol, and 3-OH-glucuronidation of estradiol measured using liver microsomes from 13 different species.

Article Snippet: For the analysis of soy isoflavones and metabolites in urine, genistein (G6649), daidzein (D7802), glycitein (G2785), equol (45405), Helix pomatia β-glucuronidase/sulfatase mixed enzyme (G-0762) and bovine liver β-glucuronidase (G0501) were from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO.

Techniques:

Journal: Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems

Article Title: Soy isoflavone metabolism in cats compared with other species: Urinary metabolite concentrations and glucuronidation by liver microsomes

doi: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1086038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enzyme kinetic parameters determined for 7-OH-glucuronidation of genistein, daidzein, and equol using pooled liver microsomes from dog (n=16), cat (n=5), and human (n=48).

Article Snippet: For the analysis of soy isoflavones and metabolites in urine, genistein (G6649), daidzein (D7802), glycitein (G2785), equol (45405), Helix pomatia β-glucuronidase/sulfatase mixed enzyme (G-0762) and bovine liver β-glucuronidase (G0501) were from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO.

Techniques:

Journal: Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems

Article Title: Soy isoflavone metabolism in cats compared with other species: Urinary metabolite concentrations and glucuronidation by liver microsomes

doi: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1086038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enzyme kinetic plots showing the effect of increasing substrate concentration on 7-OH-glucuronide formation rates measured by HPLC from genistein (A–C), daidzein (D–F), and equol (G–I) for pooled liver microsomes from five cats (A,D,G), 16 dogs (B,E,H), and 48 humans (C,F,I).

Article Snippet: For the analysis of soy isoflavones and metabolites in urine, genistein (G6649), daidzein (D7802), glycitein (G2785), equol (45405), Helix pomatia β-glucuronidase/sulfatase mixed enzyme (G-0762) and bovine liver β-glucuronidase (G0501) were from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems

Article Title: Soy isoflavone metabolism in cats compared with other species: Urinary metabolite concentrations and glucuronidation by liver microsomes

doi: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1086038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Variability in glucuronide formation rates between liver microsomes prepared from 16 different cats. Each filled circle represents the average of duplicate determinations of glucuronide formation rates (7-OH-glucuronidation for isoflavones and 3-OH-glucuronidation for estradiol) for an individual cat measured using 35 µM genistein, daidzein, or equol, or 100 µM estradiol substrate concentration.

Article Snippet: For the analysis of soy isoflavones and metabolites in urine, genistein (G6649), daidzein (D7802), glycitein (G2785), equol (45405), Helix pomatia β-glucuronidase/sulfatase mixed enzyme (G-0762) and bovine liver β-glucuronidase (G0501) were from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems

Article Title: Soy isoflavone metabolism in cats compared with other species: Urinary metabolite concentrations and glucuronidation by liver microsomes

doi: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1086038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spearman correlation (Rs) coefficients and p-values for comparisons between rates of 7-OH glucuronidation of daidzein, genistein, and equol, and 3-OH glucuronidation of estradiol measured using liver microsomes prepared from 16 different cats.

Article Snippet: For the analysis of soy isoflavones and metabolites in urine, genistein (G6649), daidzein (D7802), glycitein (G2785), equol (45405), Helix pomatia β-glucuronidase/sulfatase mixed enzyme (G-0762) and bovine liver β-glucuronidase (G0501) were from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO.

Techniques: